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An Ultrasonic Sensor is a versatile electronic device that uses ultrasonic sound waves to measure distance or detect objects. It emits high-frequency sound waves and calculates the time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object, allowing for precise distance measurements without physical contact. Ultrasonic sensors are valuable for applications where non-contact distance measurement and object detection are needed. They are commonly used in robotics for obstacle avoidance, in industrial automation for object positioning, and in automotive applications for parking assistance systems, among many other uses.

Specifications:

• Operating Principle: Ultrasonic sensors operate on the principle of sending and receiving ultrasonic sound waves (inaudible to humans) to determine the distance to an object.
• Transducer: Consists of a transducer that emits ultrasonic pulses and a receiver that detects reflected signals.
• Measurement Range: The sensor’s measurement range can vary widely, from a few centimeters to several meters, depending on the specific model.
• Accuracy: Provides accurate distance measurements with millimeter-level precision.
• Output: Typically provides distance measurements in various output formats, including analog voltage, digital pulse width, or serial communication (e.g., UART).
• Operating Frequency: Ultrasonic sensors typically operate at frequencies between 20 kHz to 200 kHz.
• Power Supply: Requires a power supply voltage, commonly 5V or 3.3V, depending on the sensor model.
• Applications: Used in robotics, automation, industrial control, parking systems, obstacle detection, and many other applications that require distance measurement or object detection.
• Mounting: Available in various form factors, including through-hole, surface-mount, and integrated into modules or devices.
• Mode of Operation: Some sensors offer multiple modes of operation, such as single or continuous measurement modes.

A PIR Sensor, or Passive Infrared Sensor, is an electronic device that detects motion by measuring changes in infrared (IR) radiation emitted by nearby objects. It is commonly used for motion detection in security systems, lighting control, and automation applications. PIR sensors are commonly used in security applications to trigger alarms or activate lighting when motion is detected. They are also utilized in energy-efficient lighting systems to automatically turn lights on or off based on occupancy. PIR technology provides reliable and cost-effective motion sensing capabilities in various electronic and automation systems.

Specifications:

• Detection Method: Passive detection of changes in IR radiation emitted by moving objects.
• Operating Principle: PIR sensors consist of multiple sensor elements that detect heat signatures or changes in heat patterns.
• Sensitivity: Adjustable sensitivity settings to detect motion at different distances and angles.
• Detection Range: Varies by sensor type and model but can range from a few feet to several meters.
• Coverage Pattern: Typically provides a cone or pyramidal coverage pattern, depending on the lens and sensor design.
• Output: PIR sensors provide a digital output signal (high/low) or an analog signal (voltage) when motion is detected.
• Delay Settings: Some PIR sensors allow you to set a delay time for how long the motion signal remains active after detection.
• Power Supply: Typically operated at low voltages, such as 3.3V or 5V, and consume minimal power.
• Applications: Widely used in security systems, automatic lighting control, occupancy sensing, and smart home automation.
• Mounting: Available in various form factors, including through-hole, surface-mount, and integrated into modules or devices.